Management of uncomplicated fever in children Free Essay Example, 2000 words

At what minimum doses this can occur is not yet known. Some studies have shown that a dose of 150mg /kg/day can cause hepatic toxicity (JBI 2001). The normal dose given in children in current practice is 90 mg/kg/day. Of late, it is recommended to give 60mg/kg/day (JBI 2001). Considering the fact that paracetamol can get accumulated in the body, even 90mg/kg/day can lead to 150 mg/kg/day after 3-4 days of treatment (JBI 2001). Hence cautious use of paracetamol is warranted. This drug has more pronounced effect in children less than 2 years, or who are sick and receiving doses every 4th hourly (JBI 2001). Shann (1995) has reported that it is helpful to give paracetamol in those who are febrile and have cardiac or respiratory failure because paracetamol reduces oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and cardiac output. But, in those with normal heart or lung disease it is not necessary to give paracetamol because fever is harmful only at temperatures over 41 deg C and in practi ce such high temperatures are usually caused by heat stroke or brain injury. The question here as per the scenario is whether fever in children should be treated with paracetamol every four hours or less frequently. We will write a custom essay sample on Management of uncomplicated fever in children or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now I have retrieved 2 sources on this topic to form a policy. 1. Meremikwu, M., & Oyo-Ita, A. 2002. Paracetamol for treating fever in children (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, Oxford Update Software. 2. Huang, S.Y. , & Bavid, S.G. , 2004. Effect of Recent Antipyretic Use on Measured Fever in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. , 158, pp. 972-976. The first article by Meremikwu and Oyo-Ita (2002) is a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of various methods of managing fever in children from randomised controlled trials. This study can be categorized in the Level 1 of the JB hierarchy. By knowing this hierarchy level, one can assess the validity of recommendations for clinical guidelines, focuses and the effectiveness of treatment. According to this article, there are controversies regarding the effectiveness and safety of various methods for treating fever. Of all the antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin, nimisulide), paracetamol has the least side effects. But it is not that this drug is absolutely safe. It has the potential to cause liver toxicity. Another question raised in this review is whether it is necessary to bring down fever at all. The review stated that fever might actually have some beneficial effects of enhancing host resistance to infection and that bringing down the fever could increa se mortality in severe infections, prolong viral shedding and impair antibody response to viral infection.

The Science Of Eugenics Movement - 1423 Words

The science of eugenics was widely used during the 20th century in the United States to strategically eliminate the reproductive rights of women who were deemed inferior on the social ladder (â€Å"What is Eugenics?†). Some women of color, women with disabilities, and women from lower financial classes were sterilized for permanent birth control, and sometimes without their consent or knowledge (â€Å"What is Eugenics?†). The eugenics movement was aimed to promote selective human features in order to increase those with intelligence, good health, physical characteristics, and class. Currently, the recent controversy of human genetic engineering has scientist concerned that it will become the new eugenics. Sterilizing women as a precaution to prevent the overpopulation of unfavorable offspring would go against Jonathan Swift’s equal treatment of all humans, Benjamin Franklin’s hopes for men to understand the value of humanity, and be a direct violation to t he natural born rights of all humans. Therefore, the controversial practice of genetic modification to restrict reproduction rights only to people of desirable traits is unethical because it promotes racial cleansing. â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift proposes to eliminate the poor Irish Catholics to prevent them from becoming a burden to society. Swift insists that poor Irish Catholics should participate in outrageous behavior that are similar to eugenics. However, Swift uses verbal irony and fallacies to create a superficialShow MoreRelatedEugenics And The Eugenics Movement1512 Words   |  7 PagesEugenics is the pseudoscience of obtaining desired traits in a population through controlled repopulation, specifically by preventing those deemed â€Å"unfit† by â€Å"Nordic stereotypes† from breeding. Most modern day Americans do not realize the origins of eugenics, which was planted by Charles Darwin and Sir Francis Galton and bloomed in America, and w hat effect it had on the attempt to create a master race in Nazi Germany. America played a very influential role in German eugenics by collaboration betweenRead MoreEssay on Eugenics1060 Words   |  5 Pages The roots of eugenics can be traced back to Britain in the early 1880’s when Sir Francis Galton generated the term from the Greek word for â€Å"well-born†. He defined eugenics as the science of improving stock, whether human or animal. According to the American Eugenics Movement, today’s study of eugenics has many similarities to studies done in the early 20th century. Back then, â€Å"Eugenics was, quite literally, an effort to breed better human beings – by encouraging the reproduction of people with quot;goodquot;Read MoreEugenics : The And The Pursuit Of Happiness1365 Words   |  6 Pagesthis period of time is considered â€Å"Eugenics†. Eugenics can be seen as a reasonable, and fair thing to do. However eugenics is now seen as an u nreasonable, vicious and corrupt thing to do. Eugenics is still a problem that America daily; now it is just classified in a different way. The word Eugenics comes from the Greek roots for good and origin, or â€Å"good birth† therefore it involves applying genetics for the purpose of improving the human race. The term eugenics was first used by Francis Galton,Read MoreArticle Abstracts: Concept of Nazism1283 Words   |  5 Pagesis exploring the less-examined, less-understood, and even the less acknowledged aspects of the history of the Nazi party and the movement towards Nazism. Using an analytical approach that identifies key figures, events, and historical trends in Germany and the world during the development and progress of the Nazi party and Nazism, Hayek concludes that there was a movement both by the far-left and the far-right against the liberalism of the period following World War I, and that it was the combinationRead MoreEugenics Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesEugenics, the word that got its bad reputation years ago through an event that changed history: the Holocaust. First dubbed by Francis Galto n in the 1880’s, the word Eugenics stemmed from the words â€Å"good† and â€Å"generation.† (Eugenics-Meanings) Eugenics means the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population. This improvement is done through discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirableRead MoreThe Use Of Sterilization Of Minorities By Supporting The Eugenics Movement946 Words   |  4 PagesNazi-reigned Germany. Supposedly, this rhetoric has been disproven throughout the United States; however, there are proven accounts that the United States government has recently supported this theory of sterilization of minorities by supporting the eugenics movement, which was not only in Nazi Germany, but also on United States soil. The topic of improving the genetic makeup of different races has not only just become a common theme for many modern day countries to use to make thei r societies more geneticallyRead MoreThe Theory Of Sterilization Of Minorities By Supporting The Eugenics Movement950 Words   |  4 PagesGermany. Supposedly, this rhetoric has been disproven throughout the United States; however, there are proven accounts that the United States government has recently supported this theory of sterilization of minorities by supporting the eugenics movement. This movement was not only practiced in Nazi Germany, but also on United States soil. The topic of improving the genetic makeup of different races has not only just become a common theme for many modern day countries to use to make their societiesRead MoreWhy Eugenics Is A Violation Of A Human s Rights1749 Words   |  7 Pageshuman rights is to challenge their very existence.† In the past century, humans have been experimenting and debating the use of eugenics, which is the science of improving the human race through controlled breeding in order to increase the occurrence of desirable , heritable characteristics (Mankiller). Although eugenics is supported by many, one could argue that eugenics is a violation of a human’s rights. In the United States Constitution, some of the human rights mentioned are the right to libertyRead MoreThe United States Should Not Freedom Of Choice1585 Words   |  7 Pageswhere authoritarian Eugenics dictated which traits/race were favored. Allowing individuals to have a freedom of choice, according to Agar, it motivates us to adopt pluralistic view and monistic view of human excellence. As a consequence, â€Å"an evil doctrine† is being alter into a morally acceptable one. In other words, with liberal Eugenics everyone is free to follow their personal conception of human excellence without being dictated by an authoritarian figure like in past movements. But if this liberalRead MoreEugenics, The Progressive Development Of The Idea1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"eugenics† derived from Greek with the pre fix eu- for â€Å"good† and the suffix -genos for â€Å"birth† is defined as the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race. The idea began to arise in the eighteenth century with the theories of evolution and the discussions of race, which gave an opportunity for some to consider and judge that certain traits and features were better and more appealing than others. In this analysis, we will be focusing on the beginning

Formal Email Policy

Question: Write a report about the Formal Email Policy. Answer: Executive Summary: Communication in business has become quite convenient with the use of electronic mail. Daily activity in business is carried out through emails. The benefit that the firms accrue with this medium is that it helps in sending message in the form of text and pictures. There is a need for the free flow of information with the growing competition. This would help a company to progress. With emails in business, the employer of the company communicates with the different subsidiaries of the organization around the world. This report will help in understanding the development of a formal email policy by an organization. The various elements that are to be discussed include the importance of an organization to develop a formal email policy and the issues and the benefits faced by the organization with the use of email. Additionally, it would also state as to how the policy is to be introduced and implemented in an organization. The organization selected for this report is IBM, an IT company. Analysis: Requirement of a Formal Email Policy: A company due to several reasons designs email policy. The threats that a company face through email can be prevented by an email policy. This would help in ensuring that the employees are conscious about the instruction and the rules of the corporate world (Holtbrgge Weldon and Rogers 2013). This will help an organization to prevent any type of leak in confidential matters or hacking of important documents and reduce the legal responsibility. The email policy can be helpful in overcoming any type of misconduct (Sampson, Barbour and Wilson 2016). Legal liability can be avoided when following an email policy. The email policy will help in ensuring that employees effectively handle the use of the official email (Pignata et al. 2015). The policy will help in informing employees of the organization that the higher authority monitors their use of email. The employees are asked to avoid the use of offensive and the racist comments as this cause the company name to tarnish. Email policy wil l be effective to let the users know regarding sharing of any type of confidential data or if there is copying of any type of information then the company and the sender both are liable for copyright issues (Paczkowski, Parsel and Rajagopal 2015). The using of the email id by users for the purpose of business must also understand the legal risks. The email policies are published so that the users are aware of the legal requirements of using an email ID (Liebmann et al. 2015). The legal policies will not allow the employees to send a message through email without the consent of the sender. Email policies are developed so that it helps in prohibiting the use of the other employees email id for the official purpose without prior consent. The email policy will help in developing a consciousness among the people so that the professional id is not used for other purposes. Among one of the top IT companies lies IBM (ibm.com 2014). Hardware and the software is manufactured by IBM which is used in the business servers. Through the development of the PCs and Microchip, the company has emerged as one of the dominant IT companies. The operation of the company is carried throughout the world with 377757 employees in the year 2015 (ibm.com 2014). Millions of employees around the world to communicate use the official email. The well-being of the company and satisfaction of the employee is handled by the company. IT companies assists different clients by providing various IT solutions to them. This results in handling of confidential data. The email policy will make the employees aware of sharing of the data (Pignata et al. 2015). The email policy is developed so that the employees able to use it as effective means of communication. The email policy is necessary for IBM to see that the employees are using the tool in a responsible, effective and lawful manner. There can be any type of link or attachment from the outsider through email to hack the information of the company (Franssila, Okkonen and Savolainen 2014). The formal email policies will help in making the employees aware that they should not click on the suspicious links. This is an ideal way for the hacker to retrieve the financial details from the user. This might cause viruses to enter. There is a huge concern by IBM about their employees to safeguard the interest of the employees, thus it is important to keep them safe against cybercrimes so there lay the importance of email policy (Graus et al. 2014). The employees are made aware of the legal and the safety aspects so that the employees can avoid the risk by following the policy guidelines (Joyia et al. 2013). The organization of IBM then can protect them from potential danger. Problems faced while using the Electronic mail: The use of the email is cost effective and a quick communication method. There are a issues that is derived from the usage of email. There cannot be personal connection established with the receiver and the sender (Pardo and Schneider 2014). The message that is written may not convey the real message. The meaning of the message might be misinterpreted, as the message does not provide facial expression to the sender (Yu 2015). The emails do not bear the emotion of human, sarcasm or humor. The use of wrong punctuation marks and upper case letters can convey a different message altogether. There is need for a business to develop and work as a team with the employees (Cailleux, Bouabdallah and Bonnin 2014). The use of business emails for communicating is not that effective in creating a corporate atmosphere. The use of business emails involve that the information is overloaded. Too many emails occupy time and huge space for workers. The personal time is also taken out from their life and their office time. There has been disadvantage of information over load. There might be wastage of time due to the use by the employees. The employees might spend unnecessary time sending personal notes and jokes to co-workers (Kim, Song and Choi 2013). This may result in distraction in the place of work. The employees will be using their official mail for sending personal emails numerously. There might emerge mismanagement in the business with the use of the emails. This would arise when the employees do not read the emails. For example, the top management has delivered news but due to technical issues the employees receive no email. The task would not be amended and this would be resulting in a loss, as this would be done unknowingly (Martin and Nakayama 2013). The task if it is urgent then the failure to amend would result in loss for the company. When there is no internet connection then there will be no exchange of the messages or the news. Thus, it would affect the operation of the company (Paczkowski, Parsel and Rajagopal 2005).While-using business emails viruses and spam are a very big issue. The systems of the office would be destroyed when viruses or spam emails are opened. This might destroy the information that is already there in the laptops or the desktops. This would be affecting the performance of the company and work in progress (Franssila, Okkonen and Savolainen 2014). There can be sharing of sensitive information through the email, which might be intentionally or deliberately but the consequence is the same. The employees might feel it is too problematic for using business emails as there is constant vigilance by the upper management. The higher authority has the right to access any type of email. All type of mails is accessible by the higher authority and so there is no privacy. Benefits of the Formal Email Policy: There are a number of drawbacks in the use of the business email yet it is widely used due to its convenience. The use of the email is not prohibited or restricted by the company but the significance of using the email is continuously increasing day by day. The speed at which message is delivered is incredibly fast. Communication will arise with the use a single message to a number of employees of the organization. A message can be sent from the top hierarchy and the employees they receive and communicate further with the employees (Sampson, Barbour and Wilson 2016). The gap between the management and the employees is reduced with email. Communicating with the employees, the managers will be able to get the feedback on the service that is provided to the employees. The email usage will help in sharing of the information with everyone. The use of the business email is not only used for communicating with the employees but it is also used for communicating with the customers. The custo mers can be approached through emails by the sales department. The customers they can offer their requirement, feedback and complaints through the office email id (Icaew.com 2014). They can solve the problem through the interaction through the email with the customer support team. Creating an email account is free of cost and is hassle free. This will require access to the internet (Martin and Nakayama 2013). There records are permanently stored in the email. There is no fear of losing data through the emails. The information can be retrieved conveniently. There are message and replies saved which would help in the future references (Kalia et al.2013). Enforcement or implementation of Email Policy: The training to the users will help in implementation or enforcement of the email policy. There is a regular need for training to the employees. Jokes or any type of offensive comments can be quite harmful. Offensive remarks can be a distress to the other employees. Training will help the employees to understand that they should not click on unknown links, which asks for the personal information (Kalia et al.2013). The management can take prompt action when employees complain about offensive email. The internal management must look into the matter very seriously. The legal cost is reduced when there is use of an email policy. There is a need for arranging meeting within 10 days of hearing the complaint. The monitoring of email will help in no breaching of the email policy (Cornwalls.com.au 2010). The user of an official mail can block the unwanted emails. Those who do not adhere to the policy of the company a strict action would be taken against them. During the time of the formulati on of the email policy, the suggestion of the employees should be taken into account. Legal advice can also be taken from them. There is a need for the company to revise the policy as this might affect the liability. Conclusion: In the discussion above, the report has informed on the formal email policy and its usage in an organization. The importance of email usage in IBM has led to the development of the email policy. The benefits and drawbacks are equally present in the usage of the official mail. The organization must see that the maximum benefit is derived from the use of the email through the implementation of the email policy. This report has helped in identifying the benefits of the use of business email. The formal email policy has been developed so that the risks related to the use of emails are minimized. The training provided to the employees will help the employees understand the use of email and what care and precaution is needed while using email. There is a need for the formal implementation of the email policy. References: Cailleux, L., Bouabdallah, A. and Bonnin, J.M., 2014, May. Building a Confident Advanced Email System Using a New Correspondence Model. InAdvanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2014 28th International Conference on(pp. 85-90). IEEE. Cornwalls.com.au. (2010).The Benefit of Workplace Policies when Communicated Effectively and Applied Consistently :: Cornwall Stodart Lawyers. Franssila, H., Okkonen, J. and Savolainen, R., 2014, November. Email intensity, productivity and control in the knowledge worker's performance on the desktop. InProceedings of the 18th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Media Business, Management, Content Services(pp. 19-22). ACM. Graus, D., Van Dijk, D., Tsagkias, M., Weerkamp, W. and De Rijke, M., 2014, July. Recipient recommendation in enterprises using communication graphs and email content. InProceedings of the 37th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research development in information retrieval(pp. 1079-1082). ACM. Holtbrgge, D., Weldon, A. and Rogers, H., 2013. Cultural determinants of email communication styles.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,13(1), pp.89-110. Joyia, A., Ghafoor, A., Sajjad, M. and Choudhary, M.Q., 2013, September. Secure and privacy enhanced email system as a cloud service. InDigital Information Management (ICDIM), 2013 Eighth International Conference on(pp. 73-78). IEEE. Kalia, A., Nezhad, H.R.M., Bartolini, C. and Singh, M., 2013.Identifying business tasks and commitments from email and chat conversations. Technical Report HPL-2013-4, HP Laboratories. Kim, D., Song, S. and Choi, B.Y., 2013, November. SAFE: Structure-aware file and email deduplication for cloud-based storage systems. InCloud Networking (CloudNet), 2013 IEEE 2nd International Conference on(pp. 130-137). IEEE.n,13, pp.72-79.

Sonnet 116 Theme Analysis Essay Essay Example

Sonnet 116 Theme Analysis Essay Paper â€Å"Sonnet 116† . William Shakespeare’s most celebrated sonnet. describes the tests true love faces. but besides how no affair what. love is an of all time present hope. Love is invariably being tested through outside forces. and time’s ineluctable influence upon it. For love to work and be strong. the twosome must â€Å" [ a ] dmit impediments† and defects as clip goes on. and jobs occur ( 2 ) . These hindrances can be the breakage point for a twosome. or they can turn in assurance through them. Love that â€Å"alters when change finds† will neer hold the strength to confront life’s many obstructions together ( 3 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 116 Theme Analysis Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 116 Theme Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 116 Theme Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These obstruction will include efforts to â€Å" [ flex love ] with the remover to remove† . through things such as households and distance ( 4 ) . For illustration. love â€Å" [ T ] hat looks on tempests† will fall into the enticement of false love and promises ( 6 ) . Along with people. clip wants to to the full act upon love. Equally long as â€Å"Love’s non Time’s fool† . the love has a opportunity at endurance ( 9 ) . Time is an of all time present clock that can normally have on down on a relationship. Even when love is â€Å" [ tungsten ] ithin his flexing sickle’s compass come† . the trial don’t terminal ( 11 ) . Equally long as love grows. there will ever be challenges act uponing it. from the minute it begins to the minute infinity starts. To two people. love is an of all time present hope for the remainder of the universe. It is â€Å"an ever-fixed mark† on the skyline and in the Black Marias. supplying a feeling needed to do it through the challenges life throws at us ( 5 ) . It is really much the visible radiation in the dark that people refer to during difficult times. After a long twenty-four hours or hebdomad. love â€Å"is the star† that gets us through the mess things may experience like ( 7 ) . That particular feeling’s â€Å"worth’s unknown. though its tallness be taken† because no 1 else can of all time be genuinely understand two people’s devotedness for each other ( 8 ) . Love besides gives â€Å"rosy lips and cheeks† to the people it effects ( 9 ) . Love shows life in one of its purest signifiers. Love will â€Å"bear out. even to the border of doom† . to the last breath and beyond if it is true love ( 12 ) . William Shakespeare believes that if what he wrote â€Å"be mistake [ †¦ ] no adult male of all time loved† in the true sense of being in love. The love that is true in all signifiers. through the tests and to the really best minutes.